I Got Visa for Fall 2017. Can I Come to Us for Fall 2018 ?

The United States has long been the top receiving country for international students, who historically have been drawn past the high quality of U.Due south. higher education, its value on the international labor market, and admission to job opportunities in the United States after graduation. About 1.1 million international students were enrolled in U.Due south. institutions in school year (SY) 2019-xx. This marked a decrease of almost 20,000 international students from the year before, following a decade of consistent growth. Amid the fundamental factors for this turn down were the rising cost of U.S. higher education, high numbers of student visa delays and denials, a difficult political environs for immigrants under the Trump assistants, and expanded opportunities to study in other countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated these dynamics. Closures and limited access to U.S. embassies and consulates, travel restrictions, and personal safety considerations accept complicated visa issuance and travel plans of international students. The Trump administration initially attempted to bar students from entering or remaining in the The states if their schools offered just online courses, although the order was quickly rescinded. Still, the move contributed to confusion and frustration for U.South. colleges and universities and their international students. At the start of the autumn 2022 academic semester, the total number of international students enrolled in U.S. schools, including those physically present in the United States and studying online from abroad, decreased by 16 percentage from the previous twelvemonth. One in five of these students was studying online from another country. The number of new international students fell past 43 percent, in function because some chose to defer their studies.

Using data from the Constitute of International Didactics (IIE) and NAFSA: Association of International Educators, this Spotlight examines characteristics of international students who were enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities in SY 2019-xx, focusing on the population'south size, geographic distribution, top institutions, countries of origin, levels and fields of study, economical impact, and transition into the U.Southward. labor market. Data on international students in the United States include those who were enrolled in educational institutions equally well as graduates who remained on a pupil visa for Optional Applied Training (OPT), a period lasting from 12 to 36 months depending on the pupil's subject area.

Click on the bullet points below for more data:

• Visa Categories
• Enrollment Numbers and Trends
• Geographic Distribution and Leading Institutions
• Countries of Origin
• Fields of Study
• Academic Levels
• Funding and Economic Touch
• Transition into U.S. Labor Marketplace

Visa Categories

U.S. immigration law has four categories of visas for foreign students and substitution visitors:

• F-one visa for full-fourth dimension students at an bookish establishment such every bit a college, university, or high school, or who are enrolled in a language preparation programme.
• Yard-i visa for full-fourth dimension students at a vocational or other nonacademic establishment.
• F-three or One thousand-3 visa for nationals of Canada and Mexico who commute to the United states for full- or part-time study at an academic (F-3) or vocational (M-3) institution.
• J-1 visa for participants in an educational or cultural exchange program. This visa category includes college and university students also as physicians, summer piece of work-travel visitors, visiting professors, enquiry and brusque-term scholars, teachers, and au pairs.

Students holding an F-1 visa are authorized for up to 12 months of OPT upon graduation and go eligible for some other yr of OPT when seeking a further postsecondary degree at a college level. Students with a degree in science, technology, technology, or mathematics (STEM) are eligible for an OPT extension of up to 24 boosted months. Once the OPT menstruation ends, graduates must notice an employer willing to sponsor them for a piece of work visa (such equally an H-1B visa) in order to continue working in the United States. Spouses and children of foreign students and exchange visitors can enter the country by obtaining an F-2, M-2, or J-2 visa (depending on the visa category of the student or visitor they are accompanying), though only J-2 holders are eligible to study or work in the U.s. without obtaining their own student or piece of work visa. Afterward they complete their academic or research programs, international students and substitution visitors may remain in the United States if they are eligible for family unit- and employer-sponsored green cards, the Thou-i visa for fiancé(e)s of U.S. citizens, and some nonimmigrant visas.

In the wake of the discovery that one of the 9/11 hijackers had entered the United states on a pupil visa merely never attended grade, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2003 implemented a program to collect, maintain, and manage information almost all foreign students and exchange visitors in the United states of america. The program, called the Student and Exchange Visitor Data System (SEVIS), tracks and monitors schools, programs, students, commutation visitors, and their dependents throughout the elapsing of canonical participation in the U.S. didactics system. As part of SEVIS, all schools are required to submit and regularly update student information in a cardinal database that tin exist accessed by the government; students who do not appear or who stop attending classes can have their visas revoked and face deportation.

More than ane.five one thousand thousand F-1 and Yard-1 students were enrolled in SEVIS-certified schools in calendar year 2019, down past approximately ii percent from 2018. At the same fourth dimension, the number of J-1 visiting students increased by ii percent from 2022 to 2019, to nearly 533,000. There were more than 8,600 SEVIS-certified schools in calendar year 2019, slightly fewer than in contempo years.

The following sections focus specifically on international students who were either enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities or participating in OPT. Estimates are based on an annual survey of U.S. schools conducted past IIE, which are slightly different from SEVIS estimates.

Enrollment Numbers and Trends

The number of international students enrolled in U.South. colleges and universities has experienced stiff overall growth since the 1950s (see Figure i). Beginning with but 26,000 international students in the 1949-l schoolhouse year, the number of students neared 1.ane million in 2019-twenty. International students also increased as a share of all students enrolled in U.S. higher education: from 1 percent in 1949–l to nigh 6 percent in 2019-20.

Figure 1. International Students and Share of Total Enrollment (%), School Twelvemonth (SY) 1949-l to 2019-xx

Source: Institute of International Education (IIE), "Enrollment Trends: International Educatee Data from the 2020 Open up Doors Report," accessed January 11, 2021, available online.

Growth has slowed in the final decade, however, and the 2019-20 school year saw the commencement decline in years in the overall number of international students in the U.s. (meet Effigy ii). New students have comprised a falling share of all international students, down from 29 pct in SY 2009-10 to 25 percent in 2019-20. Over the aforementioned menstruum, the share of students participating in OPT has more than doubled, from x percent to 21 percentage.

Figure 2. International Students in the United States past Type of Enrollment and Program Participation, SY 2009-ten to 2019-20

Sources: IIE, "Enrollment Trends: International Educatee Data from the 2022 Open Doors Report"; IIE, "New International Student Enrollment: International Pupil Data from the 2020 Open Doors Report," accessed Jan 11, 2021, available online.

The number of international students newly enrolling at U.S. institutions dropped in 2016-17 and has decreased each year since (see Figure 3). In the 2019-20 school year, 268,000 new international students were enrolled in U.Due south. institutions.

Figure 3. Annual Alter in New International Student Enrollment (%), Autumn 2009-19

Source: IIE, "New International Student Enrollment: International Student Information from the 2020 Open Doors Report."

A 2022 survey of staff at more than 500 U.S. higher teaching institutions explored reasons for the enrollment declines. Respondents cited a variety of factors including visa difficulties, the U.S. social and political climate, contest from other countries' institutions, and the costs of attention U.S. colleges and universities. The share of respondents pointing to the visa application procedure has grown the fastest, from 34 percent in 2022 to 83 pct in 2018. Notably, this survey was conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic and related travel and visa difficulties. Concerns well-nigh the social and political environs was the 2nd fastest-growing reason, ascent from 15 percent of respondents to sixty percent between 2022 and 2018.

Geographic Distribution and Leading Institutions

In SY 2019-xx, one in three international students studied in California, New York, or Texas (see Table i). Other leading host states were Massachusetts, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. International students are more evenly spread out across the country than the overall U.S. foreign-built-in population; for instance, California is habitation to near 15 percent of international students but accounts for almost 24 percent of the total immigrant population.

Table one. Superlative Ten States by International Educatee Population, SY 2019–20

Sources: IIE, Open Doors: Report on International Educational Substitution, 2022 Fast Facts (Washington, DC: IIE, 2020), available online; U.S. Census Bureau, "2019 American Community Survey—Advanced Search," accessed December 15, 2020, available online.

New York University has been the leading host academy for international students since SY 2013–14. Northeastern Academy-Boston rose to the 2nd spot in the 2019-20 school year, pushing the University of Southern California out of the position it had held since the 2013-xiv school year. Nationally, ten institutions enrolled more 11,000 international students each in SY 2019-twenty (see Tabular array ii).

Table 2. Peak Ten Institutions past Number of Enrolled International Students, SY 2019-twenty

Source: IIE, "Leading Host Institutions: International Student Data from the 2020 Open Doors Report," accessed Jan 11, 2021, available online.

Countries of Origin

In SY 2019-20, China was the pinnacle origin for international students, representing 35 percent of the total, followed by India (18 percent), South korea (5 pct), and Saudi Arabia (3 percentage). While the overall growth in the number of international students has stalled, there continue to exist year-over-twelvemonth increases in the number of Chinese studying in the The states. Together with Taiwan and Brazil, China is 1 of only iii origin countries in the acme ten from which the number of international students increased from SY 2018-19 to SY 2019-20.

Bharat and South Korea saw respective declines of 4 percent and 5 percent in SY 2019-20, while Kingdom of saudi arabia saw the largest subtract of the meridian x countries, with 17 per centum fewer students than in SY 2018-19 (a reflection of that land's reduced financial assistance for its students to study abroad). Of the top 25 countries of origin, Spain and Bangladesh saw the largest increase in the number of students, rising 10 percent and 7 percentage, respectively. Despite that growth, each country still accounted for less than 1 percent of all international students in U.Due south. higher education.

The origin-country composition of international students has changed significantly over time (see Tabular array 3). In SY 1949–50, Canada, Taiwan, India, and several European and Latin American countries were the major sending countries to U.S. institutions. Following the passage of the Clearing and Nationality Act of 1965, which removed national-origin quotas, students from Asia have fabricated up a larger share of international pupil enrollment.

Table 3. Top Ten Origin Countries of International Students, SYs 1949–50, 1979–eighty, and 2019–20

Source: IIE, "All Places of Origin: International Student Data from the 2020 Open Doors Written report," accessed Jan xi, 2021, available online.

Fields of Study

Engineering science, math and calculator science, and business organisation and direction were the pinnacle three fields of written report for international students in SY 2019-20, bookkeeping for more half of all international enrollment at U.S. higher education institutions (see Effigy four). Notably, 52 pct of international students were in STEM fields and were eligible for the extended 36-month OPT upon graduation.

Between SYs 2018-19 and 2019-twenty, just two fields of study experienced growth in their overall international enrollment: Fine and applied arts (2 per centum) and math and figurer science (i percent). The remaining fields kept roughly the aforementioned level of international student enrollment or experienced declines. The largest driblet was in education (half-dozen percent), followed by agriculture, business and management, and technology (about four pct or v percent each).

Effigy iv. Fields of Study of International Students, SY 2019-20

Note: Science, technology, engineering science, and math (STEM) fields are denoted with *.
Source: IIE, "Fields of Written report: International Student Information from the 2020 Open up Doors Report," accessed Jan 11, 2021, bachelor online.

Students from different origin countries tend to pursue unlike majors. For case, almost students from Islamic republic of iran (80 percent), Bharat (78 per centum), Nepal (70 percent), and Nigeria (62 pct) in SY 2019-twenty were in Stalk fields, versus just 18 percent of those from Japan, and 23 pct each of those from the United Kingdom and Germany.

Academic Levels

From SYs 1979–80 to 2019-20, international enrollment has steadily risen for all academic levels except for non-caste students. In SY 2019-xx, undergraduate international students outnumbered graduate students (see Figure v).

Effigy 5. Bookish Level of International Students, SY 1979–80 to 2019-20

Source: IIE, "Academic Level: International Student Information from the 2020 Open Doors Report," accessed January 11, 2021, available online.

Funding and Economic Impact

In SY 2019-20, nigh 60 pct of international students received most of their educational funding from sources outside the U.s.a.: 56 percent relied on personal and family funding, and another 4 pct primarily used foreign government or foreign university aid. The remaining xl percent financed their education primarily through electric current employment, U.South. university aid, or other sources.

International students contributed nearly $39 billion to the U.S. economy and created or supported 416,000 jobs, according to NAFSA estimates.

Transition into U.Southward. Labor Market

Postal service-graduation, availability of work visas is the main barrier to international students wishing to retain work in the Usa. A 2022 Brookings Institution report found that 45 percent of foreign student graduates were able to extend their visas to piece of work in the same metropolitan surface area every bit their college or university.

The number of international students remaining after their studies through the OPT program has increased, although growth has slowed in recent years. In SY 2019-20, there were slightly more than than 223,500 people in the OPT program, an increase of fewer than 500 from the previous year.

Guided by its focus to reduce immigration across near all streams, the Trump administration made it harder for the foreign born, including international students, to enter or remain in the Us on either temporary or permanent visas. In contrast, the incoming Biden assistants has promised to expand the number of highly skilled visas, reduce visa backlogs, and speed up visa and citizenship awarding processing. The change in rhetoric and new policy directions may assistance reverse enrollment declines and expand postal service-graduation opportunities for international students, depending on the long-term impacts of the COVID-xix pandemic.

Sources

Baer, Julie. 2018. Fall 2022 International Student Enrollment Hot Topics Survey. Washington, DC: Institute of International Didactics (IIE).Available online.

Baer, Julie and Mirka Martel. 2020. Fall 2022 International Student Enrollment Snapshot. Washington, DC: IIE. Available online.

Institute of International Pedagogy (IIE). 2020. Open Doors: Report on International Educational Exchange. Washington, DC: IIE. Bachelor online.

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---. Due north.d. Fields of Study: International Pupil Data from the 2020 Open up Doors Report. Accessed January eleven, 2021. Available online.

---. N.d. Leading Host Institutions: International Pupil Data from the 2020 Open Doors Report. Accessed January 11, 2021. Available online.

---. N.d. New International Student Enrollment: International Educatee Data from the 2020 Open Doors Report. Accessed January xi, 2021. Available online.

NAFSA: Association of International Educators. Due north.d. The United States of America Benefits from International Students. Fact sheet, NAFSA: Association of International Educators, Washington, DC. Bachelor online.

Ruiz, Neil G. 2014. The Geography of Strange Students in U.Due south. Higher Pedagogy: Origins and Destinations. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. Available online.

Treisman, Rachel. 2020. ICE Agrees to Rescind Policy Barring Foreign Students from Online Study in the U.S. National Public Radio, July 14, 2020. Available online.

U.Southward. Demography Bureau. Due north.d. 2022 American Community Survey—Advanced Search. Accessed December xv, 2020. Available online.

U.S. Department of Country. 2019. Report of the Visa Office 2019. Accessed December eleven, 2020. Available online.

U.S. Immigration and Community Enforcement (ICE). 2020. SEVIS by the Numbers: Annual Report on Nonimmigrant Student Trends. Washington, DC: ICE. Bachelor online.

---. N.d. Water ice Guidance on COVID-19. Last updated January eight, 2021. Available online .

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Source: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/international-students-united-states-2020

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